DNA VACCINE TECHNOLOGY FOR PERIODONTITIS PREVENTION

Abstract

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis as the main pathogen, characterized by multiple virulence factors such as gingipains, fimbriae, and hemagglutinins. DNA vaccines have been developed as an immunoprophylactic strategy with advantages in safety, stability, and the ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. A literature review was conducted using PubMed, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar (2001–2024) with the keywords “DNA, vaccine” and “periodontitis”, screened through PRISMA, resulting in four eligible articles. Results: DNA vaccine candidates included rgpA, kgp, hemagglutinin (HA), and fimbrial protein A (FimA). In animal models, these vaccines enhanced IgG and SIgA production, reduced inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1?, TNF-?), and prevented alveolar bone resorption by up to 60% without organ toxicity. DNA vaccines demonstrate significant potential as preventive immunobiotherapy for periodontitis by effectively targeting Porphyromonas gingivalis virulence factors. However, further studies are required on formulation, adjuvant optimization, human clinical trials, and bioethical considerations to ensure clinical translation.