RETHINKING HUMANISTIC PARADIGM IN COUNSELING THE ELDERLY: INTEGRATION OF CBT, LOGOTHERAPY, AND SPIRITUALITY IN THE BANI ERA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33482/jmc.v13i01.402Keywords:
BANI Era , CBT, Elderly; , Humanistic Paradigm, Logotherapy, SpiritualityAbstract
The elderly are a vulnerable group facing loneliness, loss of social roles, declining health, death anxiety, and a diminished sense of meaning in life. These challenges are increasingly complex in the fragile, worrying, nonlinear, and elusive BANI (Brittle, Anxious, Nonlinear, and Incomprehensible) era. The humanistic paradigm in counseling emphasizes the self, self-actualization, core conditions, and therapeutic relationships as the basis for respecting human dignity. However, this approach needs to be reexamined because it does not fully provide structured techniques, a deep meaning orientation, and spiritual empowerment appropriate to the needs of modern older adults. This article aims to critically analyze the humanistic paradigm in counseling for the elderly and formulate opportunities for integration with Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, logotherapy, and spirituality. The method used is a literature review of various relevant scientific sources from the past five to ten years. The results of the study indicate that the humanistic paradigm remains important as a foundation for empathy, unconditional acceptance, congruence, and therapeutic relationships. CBT integration strengthens the change of maladaptive thoughts, logotherapy helps older adults find meaning in life, while spirituality strengthens acceptance, hope, and psychological well-being. Thus, rethinking the humanistic paradigm produces a more comprehensive, contextual, applicable, and relevant framework for counseling for the elderly in the current BANI era. This study is expected to serve as a conceptual basis for developing humanistic, evidence-based, meaningful counseling services for the elderly that align with Indonesian cultural and religious values.
Keywords:Elderly; Humanistic Paradigm; CBT; Logotherapy; Spirituality; BANI Era.
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